XB-FEAT-29098714

mul1

This is the community wiki page for the Xenopus mul1 genes. Please feel free to record here relevant information about mul1 genes that is not recorded elsewhere on Xenbase.

nomenclature changes

13APR2026

Xenopus gene name changed from LOC116412398, mitochondrial ubiquitin ligase activator of nfkb 1-like to mul1, mitochondrial E3 ubiquitin protein ligase 1 following assessment by NCBI RefSeq curators.

In looking at these loci, it is actually GeneID:116412398 (XB-GENE-29098715) which is the ortholog of human MUL1, not GeneID: 100487584 (XB-GENE-5884886). 

These two loci are in tail-to-tail configuration. The genomic sequence of GeneID:116412398 (XB-GENE-29098715) supports a 350 aa protein that shares 60% identity (77% similarity) and aligns well across the entire human 349 aa protein. It is supported by transcripts such as CF783801.1 with strong RNA-seq and intron structure support. It is now being represented by NM_001445355.1, encoding the 350 aa protein.

This is in contrast to GeneID: 100487584 (XB-GENE-5884886), where the genome does not support the protein and has a corrected model XM_. This locus has no transcripts that align to the putative CDS and it is unclear if this locus actually represents a protein coding gene.

summary for human MUL1 from NCBI & Alliance

Enables several functions, including p53 binding activity; ubiquitin protein ligase binding activity; and ubiquitin-like protein transferase activity. Involved in several processes, including cellular response to exogenous dsRNA; negative regulation of defense response; and regulation of mitochondrion organization. Located in several cellular components, including mitochondrial outer membrane; neuronal cell body; and peroxisome. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Jul 2025]